Automatic hydraulic clothes washing machine



March 25, 1947. 5, WALES 2,417,998

AUTOMATIC HYDRAULIC CLOTHES WASHING MACHINE Filed Dec. 28, 1944 4 Sheets-sheaf 1 March 25,1947. N. B. WALES AUTOMATIC HYDRAULIC CLOTHES WASHING MACHINE Filed Dec. 28, 1944 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 March 25, 1947. N. B. WALES 2,417,998

AUTOMATIC HYDRAULIC CLOTHES WASHING MACHINE- Filed Dec. 28, 1944 I 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 March 25, 1947. N. a. WALES 9 AUTOMATIC HYDRAULIC CLOTHES WASHING MACHINE Filed Dec. 28, 1944 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Mar. 25, 1947 AUTOMATIC HYDRAULIC CLOTHES WASHING MACHINE Nathaniel B. Wales, New York, N. Y., assignor, by

mesne assignments, to Industrial Patent Corporation, New York, N.

New York 1, a corporation of.

Application December 28, 1944, Serial No. 570,059

This invention relates to automatic washin machines, and more particularly is a further development and simplification of my co-pending patent application Number 556,131 filed September 28, 1944, in which a pulsating washing receptacle performs the washing function, the degree of pulsation being determined by the volume of the wash in the receptacle to attain a predetermined terminal pressure therein.

An object of this invention is to perform the functions of washing, rinsing, squeeze-dry and "iron-dry by a single pulsating wall in the wash receptacle.

Another object is to minimize the amount of water that must be heated in the automatic cycle to attain the necessary washing and rinsing temperature.

A further object is to so position and shape the washing receptacle that the axis of pulsation energy will assist the force of gravity to drain and free the washed clothes of their water content.

Furthermore, combined with this desirable relationship between the pulsation axis andthe gravity factor, these forces are further co-ordinated with the axis of the washing receptacle to enhance the continual shifting of the clothes mass 4 Claims. (CI. 68-12) therein during washing, rinsing and the drying phase of the automatic cycleshifting is attained as follows:

As the pulsating wall exerts a.slight downi This desirable ward component on one entire side of the'wash-,

ing receptaclewhich' side is approximately vertical and stationary, after each inwardly pulsing j movement the clothes are piled-.up again'st this f vertical wall and when; the, pulsing wall recedes the clothes, fall. down; due tothe'foundation of the pile,. which is inpart the pulsing wall, being withdrawn;f l'hisjfdisplacement the, clothes causes a 'gradualshifting 'o ffthehentire'i'na'ss as the; above .described-pulsationsJcontinue. I

In the iron-dryf phaseithe pulsing wall; acts 'a'sa positive.blower when associated with' pro-per inlet,andaexhaustair.valves and likewise-,keeps' the ironing board when the automatic cycle is completedin the washing machine.

As there-is a difference in the rate of drying in woolens, rayons and cottons, due to the difierence in the degree of moisture retention in the difierent fabrics, I preferably use a humidostat to dictate the termination of the iron-dry period. This adjustable humidostat is positioned in the exhaust air duct to measurethe degree of humidity therein, as an index 01 the dryness of the clothes.

Further object and details will be more specifically described and illustrated in the following specifications and drawings in which:

.Figure 1 is a front view in elevation.

Figure 2 is an end elevation with the case removed and with a portion of the elevation cut through and shown in section along line EE in complete'assembly in Figure 8.

Figure 5 is an enlarged view, shown partly in section, of the combined electric water heater and thermostatic controlling switch, which dictatesv the Water temperature and also acts as a taken on line X-X in Figure 8, showing the mechanical movement to actuate the linear cyclic switch block, and-'showing-the spring employed to return block tooii position.

1 Figure fl is a fragmentary plan view of the 1 switch block as shown in Figure 6.

I 'FigureB is a schematic electromechanical diagram of "the entire cyclic system, including dethemass'of clothesshifting andthuspresentingi- :dififeiterit'suriacesto theiblastjofwarniair, which circulates :up' through theirnoving=massof. clothes tails of the cyclic controller.

Referring more specifically to the drawings,

similar: numerals refer to similar parts through- .outthe several views:

InFigure 1, numeral l is-the cabinet or case of the'washing machine, 2 is the glass window in door frame 3, which has a suitable hinge 1. A handle 8 is provided for the door. No locking mechanism to seal the door against the cabinet I, see Figure 2,,is specifically shown, but any con-- ventional toggle movement actuated by handle 8. may be employed to form apressure seal therebetween. The cycle control handle is shown by numeral 5 and water temperature control by numeral 4. One of the fixed indexes 42' shows the position for starting the Washing cycle for control 5, and the other index, the base temperature for control 4. I

Referring to Figure 2, numeral 9 is a flexible membrane hermetically secured at its periphery 9a to the metal wall l0, which forms a pressure chamber therebetween. An annular member I2, having a lower drain recess 43 and an upper outlet recess 44,, and the element II are all secured together by suitable bolts or the like 45. Thus, the door 2, when closed, formsthe washing receptacle 41 by its co-operation with elements 9, III, II and I2. The outer shell I is secured to the cabinet I by suitable supports, not shown.

In the lower recess 43 inthe washing receptacle 41', see Figure 3, is the gridelement 38, which prevents the. clothes, when under pressure; from being forced therein. The grid element 38 has depending walls 48, to which the screen 39 is suitably secured, so that the entire element can be lifted out and cleaned of lint or foreign particles. Likewise, in the upper recess 44 is a similar grid, which is locked in to the recess byany conventional means so that it can be readily removed.

An electric motor i3 is shown direct connected to a centrifugal water pump M. An enlarged suction duct I5 is connected to the suction side of the pump i4, and an electric Water heater i6 is located therein to heat the initially measured wash and rinse waters, as they circulate through duct i 5 in their forced oscillation between receptacle 41 and chamber 49.

A water tank l1, secured to case I by brackets 46, is connected at its base by suitable piping with solenoid operated water inlet valve l9, which in turn, is connected to main water supply connection 4|. A float controlled switch 28, at the top of tank I1, dictates the closing of valve I 8 as will be fully described. in Figure 8.

The pump I4 is connected to water discharge pipe 80 and connects to cross pipe fitting 8|,

which permits water from pump to be directed to receptacle 4'! through valve 2|, or into chamber 49 through valve 22, or back into tank I! through valve 20, which latter connection occurs during the squeeze-dry and air-dry periods, i

when water oscillates between chamber 49 and tank H.

It is to benoted that all .water circulation and control valves areshown symbolically except air outlet valve 21, which connects chamber 41 with the automatic wafer flap valves 34 in duct 32 and which co-operate with similar air inlet valves shown in Figure 4' by numeral 11.

The electric air heater 18 is shown in duct box 3|. Pipe 82', see Figure 4, is connected to valve 26 in Figure 2, and as diaphragm 9 pulsates during the air-dry period, valves 3| and 34 produce an air flow in and out of receptacle 41, see Figure 8 showing this complete assembly.

A humidostat 33, located in exhaust air duct 32, is exposed to the circulation of the air expelled from receptacle 4'! and reflects the percent of humidity of this air, as an index to the degree of dryness of the clothes in receptacle 4''.

A pressure actuated switch 30, in open comthis flow from the pump l4 into washing recepmunication with the space 49 formed between the flexible diaphragm 9 and the shell I 0 operates as follows:

A metallic bellows 5!], closed at its outer end and open to space 49 is secured to insulation cap 5|, to which is attached the guiding shaft 52, a

which passes through arm 53. A spring 52a resists to a, predetermined degree the extension of bellows 50. On the insulated cap 5| is one of the switch terminals 54, and on insulation arm 55 are three switch terminals, 56, 5! and 59'. When a relatively low water pressure is generated in space 49, the bellows 50 extends, carrying switch terminal 54 into yielding contact with terminal 56, which pressure condition occurs during the peaks of the pulsing of diaphragm 9 during the washing and rinsing phases, and as will be explained in detail later, determines the amplitude of the pulsing diaphragm 9 by reversing the water flow from pump l4 into space 49 and changing tacle 4'1, draining in the interim space 49.

During the squeeze-dry phase of the automatic cycle, which requires a higher pressure on the clothes, the bellows 50 distends to a greater extent under this greater pressure and as contact 56' has been disabled, switch terminal 54 contacts with terminal 51 thus terminating the greater amplitude under the greater pressure of the pulsing membrane 9.

Pressure control switch 29 'is identical with pressure control switch 30 previously described,

' sequence, the hydraulic actions successively operating diaphragm 9, before describing the automatic electric control circuits as are shown in Figure 8.

Soiled clothes, with a proper soap charge, having been placed in receptacle 4! through door 8, cyclic controller 5 in Figure 1 is manually turned to start position. By the proper electric circuits, valve I8 is opened and tank I! fills with water from water supply connection 4|, until float operated switch 28 shuts its oil. The motor l3 being started and valve 19 being open, water flows into the suction duct I 5 of pump l4 through pipe 82. The Water heater is now turned on and pump l4 discharges this water through pipe 80, into cross fitting 8|, and through valve 2|, up pipe connection 10 into the lower annular recess 43, filling receptacle 4'! with its load of soiled clothes.

When the water has attained a predetermined pressure, which thereby indexes the volume of wash water to be oscillated in and out of washing receptacle 41, pressure control switch 29, through contacts 65 and 66 terminate the inflow of water into receptacle 41, by opening valves 22 and 23 and closing valve 2|; valves 30 and 24 having previously been closed, the wash water is drawn from receptacle 4'! through pipe 83 into the suction side of pump I4, and discharged through pipe 80, valve 22 and pipe connection 15, into chamber 49 formed by diaphragm 9 and shell ID.

This water flow continues until pressure actuated switch 30 causes its cessation at a predetermined pressure as dictated by spring 52a. At

this moment diaphragm 9 under the pressure of the water forced into space 49 by pump i4 has been forced into chamber 41, so that the soiled clothes drained of the water which previously encompassed them are subjected to a predetermined squeeze pressure by the flexible. diaphragm 9.

The water flow is now reversed by the electric circuits initiated by the contacting of terminals 54 and 56, opening valves 2| and 24 and closing valves 22 and 23. The wash water now flows into receptacle 41 drainingspace 49 and the diaphragm 9 recedes to the position as is shown in Figure 2.

When the water pressure again rises in receptacle 41, the pressure actuated switch 29 again shifts the electric circuits, opening and closing the valves, and the oscillation of the wash water continues, thus causing the pulsing of diaphragm 9 and producing a sequential saturation and squeeze on the clothes. This action also produces a shifting of the clothes mass in receptacle 41, due to its slightly inclined axis, since as the clothes are pressed against the element II and door 3, the water inherent in the clothes is partially pressed out by the flexible diaphragm 9,v

which forced them into this position, and as the diaphragm 9 pulses in the opposite direction the clothes fall away from element H and door 3.

This gravity displacement produces the above referred to shifting of the clothes.

When the timer 90, as will be subsequently described, dictates the termination of the washing period, valves 23, 24 and 25 open and the dirty wash water enters the drain connection 3|.

The rinsing period is identical to the above described operation of the washing period. The clothes being subjected to the same pulsating squeeze action.

Water temperature, as dictated by water temperature thermostat switches 35 and 36. see Figure 5, is actuated as follows:

Due to the differential existing between the thermal coefficient of expansion of spindle 31, on whichis wound the resistance wire, which is made of any conventional insulating material to withstand high temperature, and. the metallic sleeve l6, forming the shell of the heater, switch contacts 35 and 31 are made to make and break" at the predetermined temperature of the water enveloping the shell 16. As this construction is a well known art further explanation is unnecessary. It should be noted, however, that, due to the initially measured volumeof water, which fills receptacle 41, together with the clothes therein, which will vary from time to time as the washer is operated, a minimum of electric energy is required to bring the wash and rinse water to the desired temperature. Furthermore, I may employ a multiple of thermostatic switch contacts operative at different desired temperatures, but for clarity I have shown the wiring diagram, as in Figure 8, with only one temperature point. Turning nowto the squeeze-dry period of the automatic cycle. Under dictation of timer 90, tank [1 is again refilled, valves 19, 22 and 1| are opened and valves 2|, 22, 23, 24 and 25 are closed. Water enters the suction side of pump [4 through pipe 82 and is forced into space 49 through pipe 15. As there is no water in receptacle 41 except that inherent in the rinsed clothes, and as drain valve H is open, as diaphragm 9 is forced inward by the water from pump 14 it compresses the clothes in receptacle 41 and the water squeezed therefrom falls into drain 3|.

By the cyclic switch block contacts, which will be fully described in Figure 8, contact 56 is disabled and the bellows 50 expands, under the water pressure generated in space 49, to such an extent against spring 52a that terminal 54 contacts terminal 51, thus squeezing the clothes under the predetermined squeeze-dry pressure. It is to be noted that, irrespective of the volume of the clothes the terminal pulse pressure exerted by the diaphragm is constant.

When terminal 54 contacts terminal 51 the electric control circuit opens valves 29 and 24 and closes valve 22 and the water is drained from chamber 49 into tank 11. This reversal of how continues until, by virtue of chamber 49 being in open communication with the suction side of the pump 14, atmospheric pressure is attained therein and switch terminal 54 contacts terminal 59 and the electric control circuit reverses the fiow' of water, so that it is drawn from tank 11 and again forced into chamber 49.

This squeeze-dry pulsation of diaphragm 9 continues until timer changes the cyclic phase to the air-dry period, at which time, switch terminal 56 is made effective, so that the pulsing peak pressure of diaphragm 9 is now the same as during the washing and rinsing period-s. At the same time solenoid operated valves 23 and 21 are opened, causing the pulsing of diaphragm 9 to draw in air, see Figure 4, through duct 3|, in which is located air heater 16, and by the suction formed as diaphragm 9 pulses to its position as is shown in Figure 2, the flap valves 11 open and heated air rushes up through recess 43, and through the clothes in receptacle 41, and as diaphragm 9 reverses its movement the air in receptacle 9 is forced out through the open valve 21, through the flap valves 34 in duct 32, and past humidostat 33, out through louvres 89.

The heated air forced past the clothes in receptacle 41 absorbs the, moisture therefrom, thereby increasing its humidity percentage, and as the electrical control circuit does not connect in the humidostat control until a few minutes after the air-dry action starts, the humidostat is cut-in while it registers a high degree of saturation of the air forced out of receptacle 9. The humidostat permits the air dry operation to continue until a predetermined lower degree of humidity of the expelled air reflects the dryness of the clothes, at which time the humidostat opens the operating circuit of the machine. It should be noted that during the air-dry period the pulsation of the diaphragm 9 combined with the inclination of the axis of the receptacle 41 continues to shift the clothes mass presenting changing surfaces to the air blast.

Referring to Figure'6 and Figure 7, which shows the operative details of the commutator block I19, which is also seen in outline in the schematic electro-mechanical diagram in' Figure 8, thosespecific structures will not be fully described in detail inasmuch as they form no part of' the present invention, as they are described in my co-pending patent application Serial number 559,553Qfiled on October 20, 1944. However, it may be noted that the commutator block I10. see Figure 6 is moved in the direction of arrow I59, and against the resistance of spring [56, thereby allowing the switch terminals, ISI for instance. to progressively move over the metal inserts I54 spring I56 restores block I10 to its initial or "oiT position. I10 in guides I60.

Turning now to Figure 8 the operation of the electric circuits during the cycle is as follows:

When manual cyclic switch is turned to start Block is supported position it closes power contact IOI, timer contacts I02, and valve contacts II 4 controlling intake valve I8, and contacts III controlling tank valve I9, thereby initiating the filling of tank I1. However, the timer 90 is inoperative, since it receives power from normally open contacts I46 of timer lock-in relay I44. Relay I44 is inoperative until it receives current through the closing of leaf I49 to contact I48, which takes place on the operation of float switch 28 when the tank has been filled.

At this point, relay I44 closes switch I46, thereby energizing timer 90, and in addition relay I44 closes the lock-in contacts I45, thereby locking itself and timer 90 into an energized condition, regardless of the subsequent opening of contacts I48 and I49, until at such a time as the movement of the cyclic commutator block I10 opens timer contacts I02, thereby unlocking relay I44 and stopping timer 90. When timer 90 has been first initiated by the action of float switch 28,

from the start position intothe wash phase.

The contacts of commutator block I10 are so arranged that the following operations ensue:

In the description of these operations'it is presumed that the previous condition of the points cycle of-the washing 'pulsation.

- This washingpulsation continues for a predeterminedtime until commutator'block I10 opens of the 'contacts'I0l-I53 remain unchanged until a specific change is mentioned.

First-Contacts I08 controlling receptacle drain valve 23 closes, thereby energizing normally open valve 23 into its closed position. Similarly contacts II3, controlling main valve 25 are I closed, thereby energizing normally open valve 25 into itsclosed position. taneously, with the two above contact closures, contacts I I4, controlling water main intake valve Finally and simul-,

and 23 are energized, consequently, on the starting of motor vI3, water pressure is delivered through valve 2I into the receptacle 41. first metering"'filllng of the tank continues until the volume of receptacles 41, less the arbitrary volume of the soiled clothes ,therein -ls occupied by the incoming water, and until a pre,

determined value of pressure in the bellows of switch control 29 closes contact I39, thereby energizing pulse relay I 23 which then locks itself closed by virtue of locking contacts I30.

This action de-energizes valves 2I and 23 by opening of contacts I26 and I21 respectively, and energizes valves 24 and 22, by the closing of contacts I28 and I28. 'In addition, the energization ,of relay I23 closes contacts I25, thus energizing tank lock-out relay I43. This action locks I43 in'the energized position through contacts I4I, regardless of the subsequent pulsation of I23, and until unlocking is effected at the. end of the washing period, by contacts I5I. Simultaneously I43 energizes valve I9, through the closure of contacts I42, thereby closing valve I9, and isolating from the tank H the metered amount of water, necessary for the washing pulsation, withdrawn therefrom.

This initial locking-in of pulse relay, I23, by the closing .of valve 2j, and 24, the opening of valves 22 and 23, causes the pump to withdraw adequate to close the contact points 54--56, thereby e'nergizingpressure' relay I36 and unlocking relay I23 by the. opening of contacts I31, thus tie-energizing valves 22 and and re-energ'izing valves 2I".. and. 23. The pump now withdraws waterfromspace 49 and'returns it to the Washing receptacle "41', thereby completing the first {contacts I04'; 'I 05,; ,I06,"I01 and I03 thereby'de energizing relayjl 2-3qwiththe consequent discontinuation of the pulse'cycle and allowing the '(dirty wash"waterjtodrain ofithrough valve 25.

This drain ingfcondition continues for apredeterfminedperiodof time, dictated by timer- 90 andisladequate" to allow the system tocompletel'y drain; Thereu'pon thieIcoinmutatOr' block I10 I returns the contacts-{05 153 tothe configura- I8, are opened from their previously closed con-.

dition in the start position of commutator block I10. Subsequently, valve H is energized by the closure of contacts I06, and simultaneously therewith, contactslIII: are opened, thereby opening valve I9. Thisallows the water in tank I1 to flow into the suction sideof pump I4.

The next step effected by motion of commutator block I10 simultaneously closes contacts I04, I05, I01 and H0, thereby energizing respectively the wash-rinse pulserelay I23, the motor,

via connection I 00, the waterheater connection 92 and the low pressureselector contact 56. In I addition, at this time contacts I06 and I08,of

"tion' cor-respbhdlngto the start position, as 'abovefdescribed, with the Texception that the "timer contacts IOZ'are ope relay M4, and stopping! filling of tank I1 ,w

ates "the locking zation' of-' timer repeats all or the;"functions id'escribed abov the washing 'pe'riod'and 'consequ t the rinsing period;

At the end of the rinsing ,errod,

opens tirner contacts,{afterfhavingflseti-upthe I contactconfiguration corr'espondin'gfto, thef start position, and in addition,-closes cohtactsil'fl,

opening valve 1I,thus allo ceptacle 41-to drain; This action refillstank ny; er in re- This hereby unlocking until upon ,re-

Jill again i previously de 9 closes contacts I52 and I53, thereby returning control oi. valves 22 and 24 to the dry pulse relay I24 through contacts I3I and I32 respectively.

At this point, contacts I93, I95 and I99are also closed, thereby making available current for the operation of pulse relay I24. In the un-energized position of relay I24, in addition to the valves determined by block I19, valves 22 and 24 are energized through contacts I3I and I32, whereas valves I9 and 29 are un-energized, due to the open condition of contacts I33 and I34. The

consequent position of the valves causes pump I4 to draw water from tank I1 and to deliver it under pressure to chamber 49. This action continues until the squeezing pressure by membrane 9 on the clothes, as reflected by bellows 59, causes contacts 5451' to close at the predetermined squeezing pressure. By the closing of these contacts 5451, relay I35 is energized, thereby locking into energization the relay I24 via contacts I38 and I35. However, the switch-arm I16, which is mechanically linked to switch-arm 54 andbellows 59, is in a closed position with contact segment 59 for this high ressure condition.

Furthermore, segment I59 is so formed that the circuit I1 6-59 remains closed until pressure in This squeeze drycycle continues for a period determined by the movement of block I19, at the termination of which, valve H is de-energized and valves 26 and 21 via contacts H5 are energized. Also, at this point contact block I19 opens contacts I99 and closes contacts I I9. In addition, contacts II6 are closed, thus starting the air heater 16. n As a result of this circuit condition, the pulsation of water between chamber 49 and tank I1 continues, but at the lower predetermined pressure which is identical to the washing and rinsing pressure phases. This results in the drying' of the clothes by circulation of the heated air, as previously described.

At the beginning of the air-dry period, contacts II1, which have been continuously closed, in the previous portion of the cycle remain closed for a short period during the start of the air-dry period, allowing contacts I49 of humidostat '33'to close. At the termination of this short period contacts H1 open, thus transferring control of the common power line via lead 33' to the humidostat.

This air-dry pulsation continues until the compensated humidostat 33, the action of which will be fully explained below, opens contacts I49, thereby removing power from the entire system and terminating the'squeeze-dry phase of the automatic cycle.

The operation of the. compensated humidostat system, see Figure 8, is as follows: I! the humidity of the air drawn through heater 1G is low, then after heating, the humidity of this air entering chamber 41 will be further reduced, and the drying ability of this air will be maximum. Consequently the compensating humidostat I8I is arranged to take advantage of the relatively low eventual humidity, to which the air passing by ing the absolute valueoi humidity, at which contacts I49 willbe broken, thereby terminating the cycle. I I i I On the other hand. if theoutside" humidity is relatively high, even with heating, by its passage by heater 16, the eventual absolute humidity of the air exhausted from chamber 41 will be high and under these conditions a relatively lower degree of drying can be -accomplished by the system. Consequently the action of compensating humidostat I8I issuch as to raise the acceptable value of humidity at which the system shuts itself The mechanism shown to accomplish the above operation. comprises an insulated slideable sup- I port block..I89, carryingthe switch contacts I49. This increased humidity, above referred to, of the air passing over humidostat 33 causes the control rod IN to push contacts I49 :into a. closed position: On the otherhand, compensating humidostat- IN is mechanically linked to the slideable switch block I89 by member I62, thus moving the same under this high humidity condition and changing the absolute value of humidity at which contacts I49 are opened, as above described.

What I desire to claim by United States L tei's Patent is-encompassed in the following claim 1. An automatic washing machine, adapted o wash and rinse clothes, comprising :a diaphragm hermetically dividing an operative receptacle and adapted to pulse therein under the hydraulic pressure of a cleaning fluid, motor actuated pumping means for said fluid, a conduit connecting each division of said operative receptacle with said pumping means, and automatic valve control means to cause said working fluid to be oscillated from one division of said receptacle to the other in order to pulse said diaphragm during the washing and rinsing periods.

2. An automatic washing machine, adapted to wash and rinse clothes, comprising a diaphragm hermetically dividing an operative receptacle and I diaphragm adapted to pulse therein under the hydraulic pressure of a cleaning fluid, during the automatic sequence of the machine, motor actuated pumping means for said fluid, a conduit connecting each division of said operative receptacle with said pumping means, and automaticvalve control means to oscillate the flow of said fluid through said conduits into their respective division of the operative receptacle in order to pulse said diaphragm and thereby said clothes, and wash and rinse fluid heating means inserted in one of I said conduits to heat said cleaning fluid during the wet clothes in chamber 41 will lower the exsaid oscillation.

4. An. automatic washing machine, adapted to wash and rinse clothes, comprising a diaphragm hermetically dividing an operative receptacle, said clothes being confined to one of said divisions of said receptacle, access means to said. division, motor operated pumping means, an automatic valve system for the initial filling with cleaning water for both washing and rinsing in' their proper sequence; of that division of said receptacle containing said clothes, a. conduit connecting each division of said receptacle with said pumping means, and a valve control associated with the REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the 1 file of this patent: I

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Date Name Graham Mar. 31, 1925 Alward Oct. 31, 1939 Fleming Feb. 27, 1923 Carroll Dec. 29, 1925 

